The price of gold fluctuates for a variety of reasons, and supply and demand is only part of the explanation. One factor affecting the value of gold is simply the current buzz that it has in the investing world. Whenever advertisers and the media commit substantial airtime to the subject of gold and its value as a commodity, even non-investors become more interested and curious about buying gold bullion.
Supply and demand as an explanation for the price of gold is partially correct, but only to a certain extent. While demand can and does exceed the supply of gold that can be produced, there is plenty of gold that is already owned by investors around the world and could be sold at any point, thereby creating a surplus of gold on the market. Gold is a unique commodity in that some is produced, but some is already owned and available for sale upon the whim of the owner. However, demand is likely to soar in emerging markets around the world as their populations swell (Russian, China, and India have been demanding more), so a surplus is an unlikely problem in the near future.
Labor strikes at gold mines are part of the cause of a shrinking supply, thereby enabling more demand. Production has decreased by eight percent per year over the last decade. The shrinking value of the dollar is another cause for higher demand. Fear and uncertainty as a generalized sentiment always drive up the price of gold, as investors fear that paper money will lose value.
Consumers will continue to hedge with gold against the inflation that will continue as stimulus packages are granted worldwide. Look for increasing demand as long as inflation remains a serious concern.